Which of the following is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation?

• A. Sleep apnea
• B. Alcohol use
• C. Hyperthyroidism
• D. Hypertension

Answer: (B)

Alcohol use is a known modifiable trigger for atrial fibrillation because it can provoke episodes and contribute to atrial electrical changes. Heavy drinking, especially acutely, can increase atrial ectopy and sympathetic activity while altering atrial refractory periods, creating a substrate that favors the initiation and maintenance of AF. Recurrent exposure—through binge drinking or chronic heavy use—can promote structural changes in the atria that raise AF risk over time. While other factors like sleep apnea, hyperthyroidism, and hypertension also raise the likelihood of AF, alcohol is a particularly actionable factor; reducing intake often diminishes AF burden and improves rhythm control.